Page 7 - Growing Fruit, Vegetables and Ornamental Plant In Geothermal Greenhouses

1.2. Plant Cult vat on n Greenhouses n the World
Greenhouse appl cat ons started w th grow ng vegetables by cover ng the p ts opened on the
southern slopes w th a transparent mater al n Italy dur ng the Romans per od, and then cont nued to
develop w th glass cover ng the south-fac ng facades of the houses n Europe. These structures,
wh ch were bu lt n the 16th and 17th centur es, can be cons dered as the beg nn ng of greenhouse
appl cat ons. In the 18th century, the number of w ndows was ncreased and the r d rect ons were
changed n order to solve the problem of nsuffic ent l ght n these bu ld ngs. Later on, greenhouse
cult vat on started to develop rap dly w th the develop ng ndustry n the USA and Europe.
Look ng at the nternat onal greenhouse cult vat on today, t s seen that greenhouses are spread
over a w de area around the world. It s seen that ecolog cal factors and greenhouse technology
are qu te d fferent on th s w de spread ng area.

1.2.1. Greenhouse Appl cat ons Accord ng to Cl mate Zones

Greenhouse act v t es are spread over an area of approx mately 1.2 m ll on hectares n the world.
Th s spread can be done us ng d fferent methods depend ng on cl mat c cond t ons. D fferent
greenhouse appl cat ons appear as env ronmental factors and technolog cal appl cat on d fferences.
As a result; It s poss ble to group them as cool, temperate and both cl mates.
The temperate zone, nclud ng Turkey, s the most su table cl mat c zone for greenhouse
appl cat ons. Wh le cool ng systems are needed n very hot cl mates, heat ng systems are needed
for greenhouse act v t es n the cool cl mate zone. Th s ncreases the cost n greenhouse appl cat ons.
In the map below, the red areas show the hot areas and the blue areas show the cool areas and form
an dea for greenhouse appl cat on areas.

F gure 1: World Solar Energy Map

1.2.2. Countr es n the Cool Cl mate Zone
The ma n countr es n the cool cl mate zone w th an average annual temperature below 10 °C
are the Netherlands, England, Denmark, Germany, Roman a, Bulgar a and Russ a. The Netherlands
s the lead ng country among these countr es w th ts 10,000 hectare glass greenhouse area and
product on techn que. The common features of these countr es n terms of greenhouse cult vat on
are as follows;
· Greenhouse bu ld ng mater als are made of profile steel, alum num or other alloys, wh le cover ng
mater als are glass.
· Greenhouse construct on and nstallat on of heat ng systems ncrease the nvestment cost.
· It s necessary to make cont nuous heat ng systems ns de the greenhouse due to cl mat c
cond t ons.
· Appropr ate heat ng, l ght ng, vent lat on and other cultural processes are carr ed out n these
greenhouses.
Compared to the countr es n the cool cl mate zone, the countr es n the temperate cl mate;
It encounters d fficult es such as h gher product on costs, h gher energy costs, and ncreas ng
the product var ety.

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