Page 39 - fish_farms_curriculum

Carps, like tilapias, are warm water fish with a high tolerance for low dissolved oxygen

levels. Carp can survive below 4˚C and can withstand water temperatures as high as 34˚C.
Growth slows down considerably in waters where the water temperature drops below 12˚C.

Optimum growth and reproduction temperature in carp is between 25-30˚C water

temperature. It can reach 500g in weight in less than a year at this temperature.

Adult individuals lay eggs once a year in spring. Eggs are relatively difficult to care for. Eggs

can be taken artificially by hand milking method, or they can naturally lay eggs on the shelves

of the tank. An adult female carp can lay 200-300 thousand eggs per 1kg body weight. The
eggs are transparent and sticky and are about 1mm in diameter. The diameter of the fertilized

egg is 1.6 mm. Eggs should be incubated in a well-ventilated and clean water source. Eggs
laid on aquatic plants or raffia in tanks hatch in 3-4 days (60-70 days x degrees). The length of

the larvae emerging from the egg is about 5 mm. Larvae hatching from the eggs should be fed
with live food such as daphnia, rotifers and artemia naupili etc. After reaching a certain size,

the fry can be fed with boiled egg yolk and formulated powder feeds. Procurement of carp

with high tolerance to environmental conditions can be done from private and state hatcheries.

4.3. Trout

It is a cold-water fish species that is extensively cultivated with the river system in our

country. Trout, which are carnivores, are fed with high protein feeds. Because it likes cold

water, this kind of geothermal fish farming requires attention and experience.

Trout production is a long and difficult task, which requires a separate hatchery to produce

fry. Eggs obtained by artificial milking method are fertilized in a basin by milking sperm from

male fish and the fertilized eggs are incubated in special hatchery cabinets produced for trout.
These can be fed with formulated powder feeds. Trout eggs, which take a relatively long time

to incubate, are relatively larger and are around 5mm.

Picture 16. Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)

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